Which of the following are potential complications of chronic Plasmodium falciparum malaria?

Chronic Plasmodium falciparum malaria can lead to several serious complications that primarily affect the blood and vital organs. Severe anemia is one of the most common complications due to the destruction of red blood cells by the malaria parasite. The parasite invades and replicates within erythrocytes, causing their rupture, which reduces the overall number of red blood cells available to carry oxygen throughout the body.

Coma is another potential complication, often resulting from cerebral malaria, a severe form of the disease. This condition occurs when the infected red blood cells adhere to the vascular endothelium in the brain, leading to reduced blood flow and oxygen to brain tissue. The resulting effects can include convulsions, alterations in consciousness, and ultimately coma.

Organ failure is also a significant concern with chronic infection. As the body continues to respond to the malaria infection, various organs may become overwhelmed and fail due to a combination of factors, including severe anemia, hypotension from sepsis, and metabolic disturbances.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately represent the typical complications associated with chronic Plasmodium falciparum malaria. For instance, skin rashes and respiratory issues are not direct consequences of this infection; instead, complications primarily revolve around hematological and